Belushya Guba
Belushya Guba (Russian: Белу́шья Губа́,[8] lit. "beluga whale bay", or just Belushye[9]) is an urban locality (a work settlement)[1] and the administrative center of Novaya Zemlya District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located in the southwestern portion of the Southern Island of the Novaya Zemlya arctic archipelago. Population: 1,972 (2010 Census preliminary results);[4] 2,622 (2002 Census);[5]
It is the main permanent settlement and the administrative center of the island territory of Novaya Zemlya. It lies around 9 kilometers (5.6 mi) southwest of the Rogachevo airbase. A large proportion of its population is made up of military personnel associated with the nuclear test sites located on the island.
The whole Novaya Zemlya archipelago, including Belushya Guba, is an area of restricted access (formally, as part of border security zone), and a special permit is needed to visit the archipelago.
History
Upon visiting Novaya Zemlya in 1894, Arkhangelsk Governor Engelhard decided to create a new encampment. In 1896, an expedition conducted a survey of the west coast of Novaya Zemlya. The following year Belushya Guba was founded.[7]
The settlement started to flourish in 1954, when Novaya Zemlya became established as a nuclear test site. In 1956, the whole civil (indigenous) population of Novaya Zemlya, mostly Nenets, were resettled from the islands.
Geography and climate
Belushya Guba is located in a deep bay, within a geographical area that is influenced by warm ocean currents. The natural conditions allow year-round sailing of all types and classes of vessels with minimal cost for icebreaking support. The bay is well protected from high surf and drifting ice.[10]
The area of the southern island of Novaya Zemlya experiences from 8 to 10 cyclones per month during the winter, with the main direction of the cyclone trajectories from the west and south-west to north-east.[11]
Economy
Belushya Guba has schools, apartment buildings, three hotels, shops, a television station, a 200-bed Naval Hospital, a polyclinic, military officers' center with a base sailor's club, 25-meter pool, recreational center, and an Orthodox church.[12]
In the long term, Belushya Guba may become an important transport hub. There is currently a construction project for a major oil port, for the transshipment of oil, as well as a plan for a facility to produce liquefied natural gas from fields in the Yamal Peninsula. In developing the nearby manganese and polymetallic deposits, the port will also handle ore shipments. It is expected that the prospective port will reduce the cost of hydrocarbon shipments.[13]
Transportation
There are two regular flights weekly from Arkhangelsk to Rogachevo Airport, located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) north-east of the settlement (in the time-tables, Rogachyovo is designated as Amderma-2, though the settlement of Amderma is not even located on Novaya Zemlya).[14] There is no regular passenger navigation.
References
- ^ a b c Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 243 551 003», в ред. изменения №168/2011 от 1 октября 2011 г. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 11 243 551 003, as amended by the Amendment #168/2010 of October 1, 2011. ).
- ^ a b Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Постановление №69 от 3 марта 2005 г. «О преобразовании сельского населённого пункта Белушья Губа архипелага Новая Земля Архангельской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Assembly of Deputies. Resolution #69 of March 3, 2005 On the Transformation of the Rural Locality of Belushya Guba of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication).
- ^ Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области (текст в ред. от 15 февраля 2010 г.)», в ред. Областного закона №309-23-ОЗ от 7 июля 2011 г «О внесении изменений и дополнений в отдельные Областные законы в сфере организации и осуществления местного самоуправления». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast (text of rev. of February 15, 2010), as amended by the Oblast Law #309-23-OZ of July 7, 2011 On Amending and Supplementing Several Oblast Laws on the Subject of Organization and Implementation of the Local Self-Government. Effective as of the day of the official publication).
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ a b "Белушья Губа". Архангельская область. www.arhangelskobl.ru. http://www.arhangelskobl.ru/city/513/. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
- ^ "Белушья Губа: Russia". Geographical Names. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency via Geographic.org. http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=6627464&fid=5434&c=russia. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
- ^ "Belushye: Russia". Geographical Names. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency via Geographic.org. http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4038266&fid=5092&c=russia. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
- ^ Каким должен быть морской порт?
- ^ Новоземельский климат
- ^ Ядерный полигон
- ^ Пути экономии ведут к Новой Земле
- ^ "Табло аэропорта Талаги. Отправление." (in Russian). Yandex. http://rasp.yandex.ru/station/9600185/. Retrieved 16 August 2011.